LITERARY  CHART 


OF  THE 

ILIAD 


HOLY  CROSS  COLLEGE  PRESS,  Inc. 


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COPYRIGHT,  1922 
BY 

F.  M.  CONNELL 


boston  college  library 

CHESTNUT  HILL,  MASS. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  ILIAD  CHART. 


The  enclosed  chart  is  an  attempt  to  portray  graphically  the  more  interesting 
portions  of  the  Iliad  as  a  connected  whole.  A  brief  explanation  of  the  meaning  of 
the  various  lines  is  submitted. 

The  cross  lines  at  the  top  of  the  diagram  are  to  be  interpreted  as  follows: 

(1)  The  Line  of  the  Books. 

(2)  The  Line  of  the  Days  (i.  e.,  the  days  that  pass  during  the  action  of  the  Iliad). 

(3)  The  Line  of  the  Will  of  Zeus  (i.  e.,  the  line  which  cites  the  various  times  in 
which  Zeus  sways  the  fray). 

(4)  The  Line  of  Achilles. 

(5)  The  Line  of  Hector. 

(6)  The  Line  of  Patroclus. 

(7)  The  Line  of  the  Councils. 

(8)  The  Line  of  the  Episodes. 

The  jagged  lines  of  the  body  of  the  diagram  represent  graphically  the  four  main 
battles  of  the  Iliad,  and  give  an  idea  of  the  alternate  success  or  defeat  of  the  com¬ 
batants.  The  upper  portion  of  the  diagram  represents  the  position  of  the  Grecian 
forces,  while  the  lower  portion  represents  the  Trojan  ramparts. 

The  key  to  the  entire  chart  follows: 


KEY  TO  THE  HOMER  CHART. 

WILL  OF  ZEUS 

1.  Zeus  promises  to  defeat  the  Greeks.  I  493-530. 

2.  Zeus  sets  in  motion  the  first  battle  by  a  dream  to  Agamemnon.  II  1-15. 

3.  Zeus  renews  the  fight  after  the  duel.  IV  1-72. 

4.  Zeus  starts  the  second  battle.  VIII  1-40. 

5.  Zeus  starts  the  third  battle.  XI  1-14. 

6.  Zeus  declares  the  coming  of  Patroclus  into  the  battle  and  foretells  his  death. 

XV  59-71. 

7.  Zeus  controls  the  fourth  battle.  XX  19-30. 

8.  Zeus  provides  for  the  ransom  of  Hector’s  body.  XXIV  101-119. 

ACHILLES’  STORY 

1.  The  Wrath.  I  170-244. 

2.  The  embassy.  IX  182-657. 

3.  The  second  message  to  Nestor.  XI  611-805. 

4.  Gives  arms  to  Patroclus.  XVI  1-100. 

5.  Grieves  over  Patroclus.  XVIII  1-126,  especially  1-37. 

6.  Apparition  at  the  trench.  XVIII  203-238. 

7.  Reconciled  to  Agamemnon.  XIX  40-73. 

8.  Re-enters  the  battle.  XX  passim,  especially  75-102,  156-352,  381  to  end. 

9.  Duel  with  Hector.  XXII  250-363. 

10.  Holds  the  funeral  games.  XXIII  257 ff. 

11.  Dishonors  Hector’s  body.  XXIV  1-21. 

12.  Receives  Priam  in  his  tent.  XXIV  468ff. 

HECTOR’S  STORY 

1.  Hector  referees  the  duel  between  Paris  and  Menelaus.  Ill  314-382. 

2.  Hector  in  Troy.  VI  237-to  end,  especially  374-502. 

3.  Duel  with  Ajax.  VII  37-102,  especially  374-502. 

4.  Wounded  by  Ajax.  XIV  402-439. 

5.  Healed  by  Apollo.  XV  220-280. 

6.  Fires  a  Greek  ship.  XVI  112-129. 

7.  Warned  by  Priam  on  the  tower.  XXII  21-92. 

8.  Slain  by  Achilles.  XXII  188-366,  especially  247-366. 

9.  Lamented  in  Troy.  XXII  405-end. 


10.  Dishonored  by  Achilles.  XXIV  1-21. 

11.  Ransomed  by  Priam.  XXIV  468ff. 

PATROCLUS’  STORY 

1.  Patroclus  visits  Nestor.  II  611-805. 

2.  Receives  the  arms  of  Achilles.  XVI  100-160. 

3.  Battle  and  Death.  XVI  777-857. 

4.  Mourned  by  the  women.  XIX  282-307. 

5.  Ghost  appears  to  Achilles.  XXIII  57-110. 

6.  Burial|  XXIII  111-256,  especially  236-256. 

7.  Games.  XXIII  257-end. 

COUNCILS  OF  THE  ARMIES 

1.  Of  the  Greeks — culminating  in  the  wrath  of  Achilles.  I  8ff. 

2.  Three  consecutive  councils  of  the  Greeks — before  the  battle.  II  50-399. 

3.  Of  the  Greeks  and  of  the  Trojans — preparatory  to  the  burial  of  the  dead.  VII 

303-378. 

4.  Of  the  Trojans — to  arrange  for  camping  on  the  battlefield.  VII  412-420. 

5.  Of  the  Greeks — to  deliberate  on  the  defeat  in  the  second  battle  and  to  send 

embassy  to  Achilles.  IX  78. 

6.  Of  the  Greeks — to  send  spies  to  the  Trojan  camp.  X.  194-253. 

7.  Of  Agamemnon  and  the  other  chiefs — about  the  continued  defeat.  XIV  27-134. 

8.  Of  Trojans— to  deliberate  about  return  of  Achilles.  XVIII  243-313. 

9.  Of  the  Greeks — in  which  Achilles  is  reconciled  with  Agamemnon.  XIX  40-237. 

EPISODES 

1.  Catalogue  of  the  ships.  II  485ff. 

2.  Teikoskopia.  Ill  121-244. 

4.  Paris  and  Helen.  Ill  383-448. 

4.  Hector  in  Troy.  VI  237-to  end,  especially  374-502. 

5.  Burial  of  Dead  and  Building  of  Wall.  VII  421-441. 

6.  Hera  and  Athena  take  chariot  for  battlefield.  VIII  381-437. 

7.  Doloneia.  X  194. 

8.  Capture  of  horses  of  Rhesus.  X  465. 

9.  Hera  beguiles  Zeus  to  sleep.  XII  153. 

10.  Making  of  the  arms  of  Achilles.  XVIII  370. 


FIRST  BATTLE 


1.  Meeting  of  the  Armies. 

2.  Combat  of  Paris  and  Menelaus. 

3.  Panderus  shoots  Menelaus. 

4.  Trojans  and  Greeks  prepare  for  battle. 

5.  Many  slain. 

6.  Hector  retires  before  Athena. 

7.  Athena  and  Ares  leave  the  battle. 

8.  The  Trojans  take  to  flight. 

9.  Panderus  shoots  Diomede. 

10.  Diomede  kills  many. 

11.  Diomede  fights  with  ACneas  and  Panderus. 

12.  Ares  rescues  the  Trojans. 

13.  Diomede  retreats  before  Ares  and  Hector. 

14.  Odysseus  kills  many. 

15.  Greeks  retreat. 

16.  The  battle  rages  from  Simoeis  to  Xanthus. 

17.  Hector  goes  to  Troy. 

18.  Hector  and  Paris  slay  the  Greeks. 

19.  Combat  between  Hector  and  Ajax. 


SECOND  BATTLE 

1.  The  Armies  meet. 

2.  Zeus  thunders  against  the  Greeks. 

3.  Nestor  and  Diomede  rally  the  Greeks. 

4.  Zeus  thunders  a  second  time. 

5.  Zeus  thunders  a  third  time. 

6.  Zeus  comforts  the  Greeks  by  a  sign. 

7.  Zeus  again  helps  the  Trojans. 

8.  Hera  and  Athena  called  from  the  battle  by  Zeus. 

9.  Campfires  of  the  Trojans. 


THIRD  BATTLE 


1.  The  exploits  of  Agamemnon. 

2.  Agamemnon  wounded. 

3.  Diomede  and  Ajax  wounded. 

4.  Trojans  fight  five  divisions  about  the  wall. 

5.  Hector  breaks  down  the  gate. 

6.  Poseidon  enters — deadlock  in  the  fight. 

7.  Trojans  concentrate  at  centre  gate. 

8.  Zeus  asleep,  Trojans  driven  back  to  ford. 

9.  Zeus  awakens,  Greeks  rapidly  repulsed. 

10.  Hector  fires  Greek  ship.  Patroclus  appears. 

11.  The  exploits  of  Patroclus. 

12.  The  Death  of  Patroclus. 

13.  The  fight  for  the  body  of  Patroclus. 

14.  Apparition  of  Achilles  at  the  trench. 

FOURTH  BATTLE 

1.  Trojans  panic-stricken. 

2.  Gods  enter  the  fray. 

3.  Achilles  fights  with  ASneas. 

4.  Achilles  and  Hector  rouse  the  warriors. 

5.  Achilles  kills  several. 

6.  Achilles  meets  Hector. 

7.  Achilles  divides  the  Trojans. 

8.  Achilles  leaps  into  the  Scamander. 

9.  Achilles  kills  Lycaon  and  Asterophanes. 

10.  Achilles  fights  with  the  Scamander. 

11.  Achilles  battles  through  the  river. 

12.  Achilles  is  rescued  by  a  conflagration. 

13.  Strife  of  the  gods. 

14.  Achilles  pursues  the  Trojans. 

15.  Achilles  gives  chase  to  Apollo. 

16.  Achilles  goes  in  pursuit  of  Hector. 

17.  Achilles  meets  Hector  face  to  face. 

18.  Achilles  pursues  Hector  three  times  around  Troy. 

19.  The  Duel. 


SUGGESTIVE  TITLES  FOR  STORIES,  ESSAYS,  COMPOSITIONS,  ETC. 


A  series  of  “write-ups”  for  the  “Trojan  Daily  News,”  such  as 

(a)  An  account  of  the  first  day’s  battle. 

(b)  The  duel  between  Paris  and  Menelaus. 

(c)  The  meeting  of  Glaucus  and  Diomede. 

(d)  An  “extra”  account  of  the  Greeks’  retreat. 

(e)  Report  of  second,  third,  fourth  battle. 

An  indignant  editorial  to  the  same  paper 

(a)  On  partiality  of  the  gods. 

(b)  Against  Helen,  Paris,  etc. 

A  series  of  descriptions  on 

(a)  A  celebration  in  the  halls  of  Priam. 

(b)  Various  characters  present — Priam,  Hector,  Helen,  Hecuba,  etc. 

(c)  The  view  from  the  walls  of  Troy. 

(d)  The  famous  armor  of  Achilles. 

(e)  Celestial  banquets. 

A  number  of  advertisements  for  the  “Trojan  Daily’s”  last  page. 

A  write-up  of  the  second  battle  based  on  rumors  and  unsubstantiated  reports  for  an 
“extra”  edition.  A  second  article  might  make  a  retraction. 

Story  suggestions: 

“Wily  Odysseus.”  Suppose  Odysseus  had  not  taken  the  maiden  Chryseis  to  her 
father.  Perhaps  the  Greeks  would  have  abandoned  the  seige  of  troy,  and  .  .  . 

“The  Golden  Apple.”  Suppose  Paris  had  chosen  Hera  instead  of  Aphrodite. 
He  would  have  power  and  riches.  Lead  him  to  a  climax.  Or,  if  he  had  chosen 
Pallas,  he  would  have  received  glory  and  renown.  An  encounter  with  Achilles 
over,  say,  Briseis  would  be  interesting. 

“Briseis.”  The  Judith  of  her  slain  people.  Cf.  Book  of  Judith.  Slays  Achilles. 
Trojans  come  and  overwhelm  Greeks,  etc. 

“Astyanax.”  Hector’s  son  fulfills  his  father’s  desire,  invades  Greece,  and  in 
avenging  his  father’s  death  by  slaying  Achilles  in  combat  wins  eternal  glory. 


“Thersites.”  Plays  traitor  because  of  insult.  Warns  Trojans  of  deceit  of  horse 
and  whole  Grecian  host’s  chieftains  are  caught  at  one  time.  End  of  war. 
“Benedict  Arnold”  scene  at  end. 

Serious  essays: 

The  history  of  Grecian  migrations  and  wanderings,  giving  a  glimpse  of  dialectic 
influences. 

Epithets  in  Homer,  especially  the  more  common  ones. 

Homeric  similes. 

A  Homeric  sacrifice. 

The  intensity  of  Trojan  and  Grecian  patriotism. 

The  everyday  business  of  war. 

A  discussion  of  the  Homeric  Question. 

The  gods  in  Homer. 

The  delineation  of  certain  characters — e.  g.,  Achilles,  Paris.  .  .  . 

The  principles  of  argumentation  illustrated  in  Homeric  speeches. 

The  Ailneid  and  the  Iliad. 

Vergil  and  Homer — aims,  ideals,  etc. 

Emotions  displayed  in  the  first  book. 

Precept  Work: 

Find  examples  of  suggestion,  vividness,  force,  elegance,  clearness,  amplification, 
brevity,  etc.,  in  the  epic. 

Give  illustrations  of  action,  concreteness,  etc. 

A  series  of  Debates  on 

Whether  Achilles  was  justified  according  to  the  spirit  of  the  times  in  dragging 
Hector’s  body  around  the  walls  of  Troy. 

Whether,  taking  all  things  into  consideration,  Hector  was  not  a  more  real  hero. 

Whether  Achilles  should  have  commanded  the  entire  Greek  host. 

Whether  Odysseus  with  his  wiles  could  have  accomplished  more  than  Achilles 
with  his  might.  (Remember,  Hector’s  death  is  due  to  the  latter;  the  strategy 
of  the  horse  to  the  former.) 

Which  of  two  scenes  (e.  g.,  Hector’s  farewell  to  Andromache  and  the  lament  over 
his  dead  body)  is  the  better,  stronger,  more  touching,  dramatic,  etc. 


Dramas  and  Photo-plays: 

Dramatize  the  scene  in  which  Chryses,  the  priest,  pleads  for  his  daughter. 

Divide  the  first  book  into  acts  and  scenes. 

Arrange  the  third  book  into  four  acts. 

Set  the  stage,  for  the  camera  man,  of  such  incidents  as  the  quarrel  between 
Achilles  and  Agamemnon;  the  taking  of  Briseis;  the  view  from  the  walls  of 
Troy,  etc. 

Write  a  scenario  of  the  passage  in  which  Agamemnon  dismisses  Chryses;  the  oath 
of  Achilles;  Odysseus’  reproof  of  Thersites.  Enumerate  minute,  but  salient 
details. 

1.  Discuss  .Homer’s  place  in  Greek  Literature. 

2.  Discuss  Homer’s  influence  on  Greek  and  Latin  Literature. 

3.  Prove  by  textual  illustrations  that  the  Iliad  contains  the  elements  of  a  poem. 

4.  Prove  that  the  Iliad  is  an  Epic. 

5.  What  other  forms  of  Poetry  are  contained  in  the  Iliad? 

6.  (a)  State  the  motif  of  the  Poem,  (b)  State  main  complication  and  its  solution 
in  the  Iliad. 

(a)  Describe  Achilles’  character,  (b)  Compare  him  withiEneas. 

Compare  the  Iliad  with  the  ^Eneid  and  tell  which  in  your  opinion  possesses  the 
greater  poetic  and  literary  value. 

Give  reasons. 

(a)  In  passage  describing  the  banquet  of  the  gods,  lines  493 — .  What  principles 
of  poetry  are  exemplified  and  what  means  does  the  Poet  employ  to  impress  his 
idea  upon  the  imagination  of  the  reader. 


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